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Options Trading
Purchasing an option gives the buyer the right, but
not the obligation, to buy or sell a specific amount of an underlying
security at a specific price within a specified time period. By
comparison, a futures contract requires both the buyer and the seller to
perform under the terms of the contract, if an open futures position is
not offset before expiration.
The decision whether or not to exercise an option is
entirely that of the options buyer.
An option buyer cannot lose more than the amount he or
she invested in the options premium. The same cannot be said, however,
for the buyer of a futures contract.
An option buyer is never subject to margin calls. This
enables the buyer to maintain a market position, despite any adverse
moves, without putting up additional funds.
Following are some further options basics:
- Buying
an option gives you the right to buy or sell an underlying
security.
- As an options buyer, you have the right, but not
an obligation, to buy or sell an underlying security at a specified
price.
- As an option seller (writer), you have
obligations to the options buyer.
- There are two types of options:
- Calls (call options) - give you the right to
buy an underlying security.
- Puts (put options) - give you the right to
sell an underlying security.
- Each option corresponds to 100 shares of an
underlying security.
- The price of an option depends on several
factors:
- The current price of the underlying security;
- The strike price of the option;
- The amount of time remaining until the option
expires;
- The volatility of an underlying security.
-
Strike Price. The price at which an underlying security
can be purchased or sold, if an option is to be exercised.
-
Expiration Date. The date on which an option expires. It is
the 3rd Friday of the expiration month. Each option has an
expiration day. After expiry, you have lost the right to buy or sell
the underlying security at the strike price.
- Premium. The price of an option. If an
option costs $3 per contract, your total premium is $300 (one
contract = 100 shares), plus commission (transaction) costs.
- Please note that options are not available on
every stock (i.e., not all stocks are optionable).
Investing in Options
Before you begin investing in options, you must decide
how much of your money you can safely put at risk. If you are new to
options, we recommend no more than 10% of your portfolio.
Remember:
- With every passing day, your option loses time
value
- The easiest way to profit from options is to be
an options buyer. You simply buy calls if you think the index will
rise, or puts, if you think the index will fall.
- If the index price rises above the strike price
of your call option, or if the index falls below the price of your
put option, you win your bet.
- If the index does not move the way you thought it
would, you could lose the entire premium you paid for your option.
Never wait for an option to expire,
always sell it before the expiry date:
Just as important as selecting the right option and
paying the right price is knowing how and when to take profits. Most
option buyers lose, not because they buy the wrong option, but because
they fail to take profits properly.
- When your option begins to show a profit, you
must get ready to act.
- Get ready to sell your position if the index
drops by 5%(if you bought a call option), or if it rises by 5% (if
you bought a put option).
- If your option is in the money and the index
makes a big move in your favor, sell your position and pocket the
profit.
- Also take profits if your option is in the money,
moves past the strike price and enters its last week before
expiration.
Cutting your losses is just as
important as taking profits.
- The hardest part is convincing yourself to cut
your losses.
- If you do not cut your losses quickly, you will
not last as an options player.
- If you own an option that has fallen by 50% or
more, sell it and close out your position.
Basically, as an options trader you
have to know
- When to buy
- When to sell
- Your likely profit target
- At what predetermined target will you take a loss
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